isaac_newton wrote:
going back to something I asked earlier... do you know in what form these calculations [and the original observations] were stored? do we have any of such records?
The correct answer is "Yes, lots." But given that we're talking about half the world, with some stuff dating back to 1800 BCE, or even before, the other correct answer is "in a variety of forms'.
If you have a look at Wikipedia's History of Astronomy article, you'll get some idea .
Returning to Safehold - if I remember my history of science, the main problem on Earth wasn't the maths, or the theology, or even a highly annoyed Pope who'd been publicly insulted by some idiot astronomer. It was obtaining the observational evidence. And while Galileo was right, and had increased the amount of evidence supporting a heliocentric system, he didn't provide enough data to overturn the accepted system.